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Farming once employed 60% of French and Italian workers; now under 4%

Original title: In the past, most people worked in agriculture; in today's rich countries, only a small share do · Our World in Data · 30 Jul 2026

Farming once employed 60% of French and Italian workers; now under 4%

Chart: Our World in Data, CC BY 4.0

So what

The move out of agriculture is the single largest reallocation of labour in history, and the main engine of productivity growth. China took 34 years to cut its farm share from 60% to 22%, a shift that took France well over a century. A fifth of China's workforce still on farms is both a remaining productivity reserve and a pointer to future urban demand.

LabelValueUnitPeriod
France73% of employment1500
France59.2% of employment1800
France2.33% of employment2025
Italy63.4% of employment1300
Italy57.8% of employment1800
Italy3.35% of employment2025
United Kingdom58.1% of employment1500
United Kingdom31.7% of employment1800
United Kingdom0.85% of employment2025
Netherlands56.8% of employment1500
Netherlands40.7% of employment1800
Netherlands1.7% of employment2025
China59.64% of employment1991
China21.68% of employment2025