Battery cells 99% cheaper since 1991, now $78 per kWh

So what

Lithium-ion cells cost less than one-hundredth of their 1991 price in real terms, and fell by nearly a third in 2024 alone after a brief 2022 spike. Below $100/kWh, EVs reach sticker-price parity with combustion cars and grid storage becomes a mainstream asset. Automakers, utilities and commodity investors should plan on cheap storage as a given, with raw-material spikes as temporary blips.